• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    - The invention relates to a system for storage and heat exchange between a gas and a solid material, characterized in that it comprises a reservoir (LF) containing a volume of particles formed from at least the solid material, the tank being subjected to an internal flow of gas between an inlet pipe (5; 8) and a discharge pipe (9; 7), the circulation being determined so that the particles are in a fluidized bed.
    公开号:FR3019640A1
    申请号:FR1452953
    申请日:2014-04-03
    公开日:2015-10-09
    发明作者:David Teixeira；Hemptinne Jean-Charles De
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The field of the present invention relates to compressed air energy storage (CAES) methods. More generally, it relates to a method and system for optimizing energy recovery. In this system, the energy, which can come from electricity, which one wishes to use at another time, can be stored in the form of compressed air. The electricity produced in excess thus supplies one or more compressors whose purpose is to compress a given quantity of air. This air compression involves an increase in temperature. The present invention more particularly relates to specific means for the transfer and storage of the resulting heat. Several variants currently exist in the compressed air energy storage system. These include: - CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which the air is stored at room temperature and the heat due to compression is removed. - ACAES (Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at the temperature due to compression. - AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at room temperature and the heat due to compression is also stored in a TES (Thermal Energy Storage). In the CAES processes, only the mechanical energy of the air is used, that is to say that all the heat produced during the compression is rejected. Air is typically stored at 8 MPa (80 bar) and at room temperature. This implies that, if we wish to recover the energy by a relaxation, the decompression of the air will again follow an isentropic curve, but this time starting from the initial conditions of 8 MPa and 300 K. The air is therefore cooling down. at unrealistic temperatures (83 K = -191 ° C). It is therefore necessary to heat it up, which is done using a gas burner, or other fuel. The present invention particularly aims to avoid spending heat by combustion during the recovery of energy. Thus, it is the AACAES system which is preferred, but the main objective is to propose improvements to heat storage means in general, and in particular in a use in the AACAES approach. More generally, the main idea is therefore to propose means for storing the heat of a gas, especially compressed air in the case of energy storage. In this case, the main object is to minimize the energy losses during storage under pressure of the air, and to maximize the temperature level achievable during the return of the heat to the air during its decompression before passage in turbines.
    [0002] Thus, the present invention relates to a heat exchange system between a gas and a solid material. The system comprises a reservoir containing a volume of particles formed from at least said solid material, said reservoir being subjected to an internal circulation of said gas between an inlet pipe and a discharge pipe, said circulation being determined so that the particles are in a fluidized bed. According to one embodiment of the invention, said particles may comprise a metal casing. According to another embodiment of the invention, said particles may comprise phase change materials (PCM). Advantageously, said particles may have an average diameter of between 0.1 mm and 2 cm. According to one embodiment of the invention, the traffic control means may comprise a gas flow regulator. According to one embodiment of the invention, one can have several tanks, in series or in parallel with respect to the flow of gas. According to one embodiment of the invention, said gas can be compressed by a compressor to be stored under pressure in an enclosure, and the gas heated at the compressor outlet can pass through said tank so as to store the heat. According to one embodiment of the invention, said gas stored under pressure in an enclosure can pass through said reservoir so as to absorb heat before being introduced into a turbine. The present invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, illustrated by the appended figures, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of the fluidized or bubbling bed; FIG. 2 illustrates the block diagram of an AACAES system using the heat storage means according to the invention.
    [0003] It should be noted that heat can be stored in latent or sensitive form. If we want to store heat at a temperature Ts, and our source has a temperature Tl, the quantity of stored heat Q is: Qm.0 p (Ti -Ts1) where m and Cp are respectively the mass and the capacity thermal source. For air, we have about m.C, = 1 kJ / ° C. In the case of sensible heat, when our source is warmed up with stored heat, the temperature level of the heat storage drops. The maximum achievable temperature -reg is: m 'Cp' Tsi-mCpT'id Teq mCp + m 'Cp' with Tcoid, source temperature, m 'and Cp' are the mass and thermal capacity of the heat storage, respectively. It is clear that -reg is always clearly lower than Ts, - Latent heat is the heat of change of state of a body. For pure bodies, the change of state is done at constant pressure and temperature. Thus, when using phase change materials (PCM), storage and reheating are done at a constant temperature. Thus, the maximum reheating temperature is substantially the storage temperature. It therefore appears that the major advantage of storage in the form of latent heat is the greatest amount of heat that can be stored per unit volume (or mass). Indeed, in the case of sensible heat (for a hypothesis of a temperature cycling of 10 ° C), we arrive at about 20 MJ / m3, while in latent heat, we can reach 200 MJ / m3. In the description which follows, the heat storage system will be illustrated by its preferred implementation with the use of latent heat. The use of sensible heat storage is possible but brings less benefit. The technology proposed here allows efficient heat transfer and simple storage of this heat. This technology is based on the well-known principle of fluidized beds. A fluidized bed is used in particular to carry out chemical reactions. The advantage of this concept lies in its ability to significantly increase the exchanges between the fluid (often gas) and solid phases. If, in chemical reactions, it is matter exchange, heat exchanges are also greatly improved. In fact, in these two cases, the greater the exchange surface area, the more exchanges there will be, whether thermal or mass.
    [0004] Figure 1 illustrates the principle of the fluidized bed. The bed is a set of particles (2) contained in a tank (1) which comprises a gas passage (3) for introducing the gas from below, and a gas evacuation passage (4) in the upper part of the tank. Of course, it is clear that the provisions of the means of entry and exit of the gas can be quite different, depending on the technology and the shape of the tank or tank. The higher the flow of gas, the more the balls will be "carried" by the current of it. At first (b), the bed will simply inflate, then it will become fluidized and finally "bubbling" (c). It is in this latter configuration that heat exchange is the most efficient. The conditions for obtaining a bubbling bed are based on the gas velocity in the tank. The required velocity can be calculated from correlations that take into account the density of the particles, their size, the density and the viscosity of the gas. The present invention is based on the determination of suitable particles: a material adapted to the capture of heat (sensitive or latent) in the range of the storage temperature, this material preferably being phase-shifted, but not exclusively; a shell of the particles (for example metal) adapted to withstand shocks; particle sizes of between a few micrometers and a few centimeters. In the system according to the invention, the balls are contained in a "tank" allowing the passage of hot air, or cold, under pressure. This tank can be of several shapes (cylindrical, silo-shaped ...). FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a system for storing energy in the form of compressed air. The energy produced Em, which is generally electrical, operates a compressor C, the hot compressed air is fed through a pipe 5 into the lower part of the tank LF in order to fluidize the bed of particles contained in this tank. The heat exchange is done in the bubbling bed. The cooled air exits the tank via a pipe 7 to be stored in an enclosure S. During a recovery step, the compressed air leaves the enclosure via a pipe 8 to fluidize the bed of particles of the tank LF to to absorb the heat. The heated air exits through a pipe 9 to enter a turbine T which provides, usually by a generator, an electric energy Er. Of course, this schematic diagram can be modified by multiplying the stages of compression, and turbines in which is intercalated the tanks of the LF type for heat exchange storage or return of heat. Similarly, each compression stage may comprise one or more LF type tanks.
    [0005] It should be noted that increasing the number of beads makes it possible to increase the exchange surface area for a given volume of phase change material (PCM). In other words, we can store the same amount of heat, while having improved heat exchange. The main advantages are: - the system allows an increase in the exchange surface and therefore the improvement of heat transfer. - The system is naturally bidirectional. To make it work in both directions, it is enough to bring in hot air that will come out cooled by a suitable pipe. Cold air can be brought in and heated out. The "vats" or reservoirs containing the particles may be the very place where heat is stored, and only the flow of air is directed to the good vats depending on what is desired. Although more complex, these particles can also be used as a heat vector. In this case, the fluidized bed is moved by pipes to a remote storage location. Fluidized beds present the risk of attrition, that is to say the degradation of particles. As for a catalyst, the damaged balls will be replaced as and when. Example of implementation of assembly Beads about 1 mm in diameter coated with a metal skin are considered for two reasons: (1) it is necessary to withstand the numerous shocks between particles, avoiding as much as possible attrition and therefore the formation of fines; (2) the heat transfer between the outside and the inside of the ball must be the best possible. Under the preferred conditions, a minimum fluidization rate of 23 cm / s is obtained. If we consider a mini-CAES of 20MWh, the necessary air flow is of the order of 10 kg / s. The conversion into flow (m3 / s), and therefore the area of the tank, or its diameter, will depend on the density and therefore the conditions P (pressure) and T (temperature) of the air. By way of example, Table 1 below provides some estimates for a total flow rate of 10 kg / s, and for different pressure-temperature pairs. At each step represented by a row of the table, a quantity of supposedly identical energy is stored (1/12 of the 20 MWh). It is noted that, while for certain cases the diameter seems high, it is still possible to use several smaller size tanks arranged in parallel. If the height sometimes seems too big, we can have several tanks in series. The filling height of the beds is calculated from the diameter and the quantity of MCP necessary to capture the available heat energy and the heat capacity of these materials (200 MJ / m3).
    [0006] The pressure drop AP in this type of equipment is evaluated by the formula AP = pgh, with the average density being about half the density of the material that fills the bed. If we consider p = 0.7 kg / m3, we obtain the results presented in the last column of the table. This table gives some orders of magnitude necessary to size the storage system. Note that, if the pressure drop is indeed negligible, the size of the equipment can be relatively consistent. However, we must not forget that there is no need for any other place of storage for heat, the exchanger is also storage. In the low pressure compartments, the diameter of the tank is large and the height small, because the density of the air is such that the flow must be spread over a large surface to entrain the particles. On the contrary, when the density is high, at high pressure, the diameter becomes much more reasonable, but equivalent storage capacity, it is necessary that the height of the bed is greater. TP Mass Flow Area Diameter Height AP volumetric volume MCP ° C (MPa) (kg / m3) m3 / s m2 mm Pa 115 0.3 2.9 3.5 15.2 4.4 2.0 12.2 82 0.3 3.1 3.2 13.9 4.2 2.2 13.3 50 0.3 3.4 2.9 12.7 4.0 2.4 14.6 115 0.9 8.6 1.2 5.1 2.5 5.9 36.5 82 0.9 9.4 1.1 4.6 2.4 6.5 39.9 50 0.9 10.3 1.0 4.2 2.3 7.1 43.9 115 2.7 25.7 0.4 1.7 1.5 17.8 109.5 82 2.7 28.1 0.4 1.5 1.4 19.4 119.7 50 2.7 30.9 0.3 1.4 1.3 21.3 131.6 115 8 76.3 0.1 0.6 0.9 52.6 324.6 82 8 83.4 0.1 0.5 0.8 57.5 354.7 50 8 91.6 0.1 0.5 0.8 63.2 389.9 Table 1: Diameter of the bubbling bed according to the pressure and temperature conditions, with a flow rate of 10 kg / s In the case of an AACAES system, or more generally of heat recovery of a gas, the invention proposes means making it possible to obtain high-efficiency heat transfers and at the same time to produce heat storage at a temperature. constant. )
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Heat exchange system between a gas and a solid material, characterized in that it comprises a reservoir containing a volume of particles formed from at least said solid material, said reservoir being subjected to an internal circulation of said gas between a inlet pipe and an evacuation pipe, said circulation being determined so that the particles are in a fluidized bed.
    [0002]
    2. System according to claim 1, wherein said particles comprise a metal casing.
    [0003]
    3. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said particles comprise phase change materials (PCM).
    [0004]
    4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said particles have a mean diameter of between 0.1 mm and 2 cm.
    [0005]
    5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the traffic control means comprise a gas flow regulator.
    [0006]
    6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein there are several reservoirs, in series or in parallel with respect to the flow of gas.
    [0007]
    7. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said gas is compressed by a compressor to be stored under pressure in an enclosure, and wherein the heated gas at the compressor outlet passes through said tank so as to store the heat.
    [0008]
    8. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said gas stored under pressure in a chamber passes through said tank so as to absorb heat before being introduced into a turbine.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2000229A|1977-06-16|1979-01-04|Lundberg R|Apparatus and method for multiplying the output of a generating unit|
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    FR3044750B1|2015-12-04|2017-12-15|Ifp Energies Now|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY STORAGE AND RESTITUTION|
    FR3044749B1|2015-12-07|2017-12-22|Ifp Energies Now|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CROSS-CURRENT HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN A FLUID AND HEAT STORAGE PARTICLES|
    FR3051245B1|2016-05-11|2018-05-25|IFP Energies Nouvelles|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXCHANGING HEAT BETWEEN A FLUID AND COUNTER-CURRENT HEAT STORAGE PARTICLES|
    FR3054027B1|2016-07-15|2018-07-27|IFP Energies Nouvelles|CONTAINER OF A HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION SYSTEM COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO CONCRETE MODULES|
    FR3054028B1|2016-07-15|2018-07-27|IFP Energies Nouvelles|CONTAINER OF A HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION SYSTEM COMPRISING A DOUBLE CONCRETE WALL|
    FR3055942B1|2016-09-13|2018-09-21|IFP Energies Nouvelles|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY STORAGE AND RESTITUTION HAVING A PRECONTRATED CONCRETE MIXED LAYER|
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    法律状态:
    2016-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-04-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-04-13| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-04-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2022-01-07| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20211205 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1452953A|FR3019640B1|2014-04-03|2014-04-03|FLUIDIZED BED HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM|
    FR1452953|2014-04-03|FR1452953A| FR3019640B1|2014-04-03|2014-04-03|FLUIDIZED BED HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM|
    PCT/EP2015/055845| WO2015150104A1|2014-04-03|2015-03-19|System for heat storage using a fluidised bed|
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